Artículos Científicos 2018

The use of human dental pulp stem cells for in vivo bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. Leyendecker Junior A, Gomes Pinheiro CC, Lazzaretti Fernandes T, Franco Bueno D. J Tissue Eng. 2018 Jan 17;9

Abstract

Dental pulp represents a promising and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Many studies have investigated the use of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells isolated from the dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth for bone tissue engineering in vivo. However, the type of scaffold used to support the proliferation and differentiation of dental stem cells, the animal model, the type of bone defect created, and the methods for evaluation of results were extremely heterogeneous among these studies conducted. With this issue in mind, the main objective of this study is to present and summarize, through a systematic review of the literature, in vivo studies in which the efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for bone regeneration was evaluated. The article search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Original research articles assessing potential of human dental pulp stem cells and SHED for in vivo bone tissue engineering, published from 1984 to November 2017, were selected and evaluated in this review according to the following eligibility criteria: published in English, assessing dental stem cells of human origin and evaluating in vivo bone tissue formation in animal models or in humans. From the initial 1576 potentially relevant articles identified, 128 were excluded due to the fact that they were duplicates and 1392 were considered ineligible as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. As a result, 56 articles remained and were fully analyzed in this systematic review. The results obtained in this systematic review open new avenues to perform bone tissue engineering for patients with bone defects and emphasize the importance of using human dental pulp stem cells and SHED to repair actual bone defects in an appropriate animal model.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375756

Biology Explaining Tooth Repair and Regeneration: A Mini-Review. Balic A. Gerontology. 2018 Mar 13

Abstract

The tooth is an intricate composition of precisely patterned, mineralized matrices and soft tissues. Mineralized tissues include enamel (produced by the epithelial cells called ameloblasts), dentin and cementum (produced by mesenchymal cells called odontoblasts and cementoblasts, respectively), and soft tissues, which include the dental pulp and the periodontal ligament along with the invading nerves and blood vessels. It was perceived for a very long time that teeth primarily serve an esthetical function. In recent years, however, the role of healthy teeth, as well as the impact of oral health on general well-being, became more evident. Tooth loss, caused by tooth decay, congenital malformations (tooth agenesis), trauma, periodontal diseases, or age-related changes, is usually replaced by artificial materials which lack many of the important biological characteristics of the natural tooth. Human teeth have very low to almost absent regeneration potential, due to early loss of cell populations with regenerative capacity, namely stem cells. Significant effort has been made in recent decades to identify and characterize tooth stem cells, and to unravel the developmental programs which these cells follow in order to generate a tooth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29533942

Optimal Xeno-free Culture Condition for Clinical Grade Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Tangjit N, Dechkunakorn S, Anuwongnukroh N, Khaneungthong A, Sritanaudomchai H.Int J Stem Cells. 2018 Feb 28.

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a promising clinical resource for various tissue defects, including lumbar spondylosis, neural compression, and cleft palate. Use of media containing animal-derived serum carries potential risk of infectious diseases and unwanted immunogenicity. To increase the potential utility of SHED for clinical application, SHED was adapted to xeno-free conditions.

METHODS:

Define xeno-free culture media were compared with the conventional serum containing media in the culture of SHED. Cultured SHED in different media were further characterized through proliferative capacities, cellular phenotype, and differentiation potential.

RESULTS:

Selected xeno-free media were capable of supporting the growth of SHED. MSCGM-CD Bulletkit medium greatly increased the number and proliferate capacity of colony-forming unit-fibroblast than SHED cultured in other media. In addition, the characteristic surface markers expression and multipotent differentiation potential of SHED in the MSCGM-CD Bulletkit medium were comparable to those observed with serum-containing medium.

CONCLUSIONS:

The xeno-free medium described herein has the potential to be further used for the safe expansion and to determine efficient way to produce clinical grade dental stem cells for therapeutic applications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29482310

Bone regeneration by human dental pulp stem cells using a helioxanthin derivative and cell-sheet technology. Fujii Y, Kawase-Koga Y, Hojo H, Yano F, Sato M, Chung UI, Ohba S, Chikazu D. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018 Feb 1;9(1):24

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, were recently identified. DPSCs can be collected readily from extracted teeth and are now considered to be a type of mesenchymal stem cell with higher clonogenic and proliferative potential than bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Meanwhile, the treatment of severe bone defects, such as fractures, cancers, and congenital abnormalities, remains a great challenge, and novel bone regenerative techniques are highly anticipated. Several studies have previously shown that 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[40,30:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (TH), a helioxanthin derivative, induces osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblastic and mesenchymal cells. However, the osteogenic differentiation activities of TH have only been confirmed in some mouse cell lines. Therefore, in this study, toward the clinical use of TH in humans, we analyzed the effect of TH on the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs, and the in-vivo osteogenesis ability of TH-induced DPSCs, taking advantage of the simple transplantation system using cell-sheet technology.

METHODS:

DPSCs were obtained from dental pulp of the wisdom teeth of five healthy patients (18-22 years old) and cultured in regular medium and osteogenic medium with or without TH. To evaluate osteogenesis of TH-induced DPSCs in vivo, we transplanted DPSC sheets into mouse calvaria defects.

RESULTS:

We demonstrated that osteogenic conditions with TH induce the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs more efficiently than those without TH and those with bone morphogenetic protein-2. However, regular medium with TH did not induce the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. TH induced osteogenesis in both DPSCs and BMSCs, although the gene expression pattern in DPSCs differed from that in BMSCs up to 14 days after induction with TH. Furthermore, we succeeded in bone regeneration in vivo using DPSC sheets with TH treatment, without using any scaffolds or growth factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results demonstrate that TH-induced DPSCs are a useful cell source for bone regenerative medicine, and the transplantation of DPSC sheets treated with TH is a convenient scaffold-free method of bone healing.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391049